Trionyx triunguis (African Softshell Turtle)
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The African Softshell Turtle (Trionyx triunguis) is a large, freshwater turtle known for its flat, leathery shell and long neck. It is one of the few softshell turtles native to both Africa and the Middle East, often found in rivers, lakes, and even brackish waters.
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Scientific Classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Testudines
Family: Trionychidae
Genus: Trionyx
Species: Trionyx triunguis
Common Names
African Softshell Turtle
Nile Softshell Turtle
African Trionyx
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Identification
Description
This turtle has a broad, flat body with a soft, leathery shell instead of a hard one. Its head is long and pointed, with a snorkel-like snout. The upper shell is olive to brown with dark markings, and the underside is light. Adults can grow over 1 meter in length.
Sexual Dimorphism
Females are generally larger than males. Males have longer, thicker tails and slightly rougher skin around the limbs and tail area.
Native Origin and Distribution
Geographical Range
It is found throughout much of western and central Africa and also in parts of the Middle East, such as Israel, Lebanon, and Turkey. It is especially common around the Nile River basin and other large water bodies.
Preferred Habitat
This species prefers slow-moving rivers, lakes, lagoons, and estuaries. It can tolerate brackish water and is often found near muddy or sandy bottoms, where it can bury itself to stay hidden.
Behavior
Feeding Habits
It is a carnivore that feeds on fish, frogs, crustaceans, insects, and occasionally birds. It’s an ambush predator that uses its long neck and quick strike to catch prey.
Predators
Hatchlings and juveniles face threats from birds, large fish, and mammals. Adults have fewer natural predators due to their size but are vulnerable to humans.
Reproduction
Breeding Season
Breeding usually takes place during the rainy season, which varies by region.
Reproductive Method
Females lay eggs in nests dug on sandy banks. One clutch may contain 20–50 eggs, and incubation lasts around 2 to 3 months, depending on temperature.
Conservation
Extinction Status
Vulnerable (IUCN Red List)
Threats
Major threats include habitat destruction, pollution, and being hunted for meat and traditional medicine. Accidental capture in fishing gear also poses a risk.
Conservation Measures
Some areas have legal protection for this species. Awareness campaigns and habitat protection efforts are in place, but enforcement remains weak in many regions.
Economic Importance
In some local communities, the turtle is hunted for its meat, which is considered a delicacy. It is also used in traditional remedies. However, overuse has led to population declines in certain areas.
Interesting Facts
Despite being a freshwater species, it can survive in slightly salty water.
It breathes through its skin and throat lining when submerged, helping it stay underwater for long periods.
Its soft shell doesn’t offer much defense, so it relies on speed and hiding to escape danger.
About Author
Muntaseer Rahman started keeping pet turtles back in 2013. He also owns the largest Turtle & Tortoise Facebook community in Bangladesh. These days he is mostly active on Facebook.
