Sacalia quadriocellata (Four-eyed Turtle)
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Sacalia quadriocellata, commonly known as the Four-eyed Turtle, is a small freshwater turtle native to parts of Asia. It is named for the two pairs of eye-like spots on the back of its head, which may serve as a defense mechanism against predators.
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Scientific Classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Testudines
Family: Geoemydidae
Genus: Sacalia
Species: Sacalia quadriocellata
Common Names
Four-eyed Turtle
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Identification
Description
The Four-eyed Turtle has a relatively small, oval-shaped shell with a slightly serrated rear edge. Its carapace is brown to olive, sometimes with darker markings. The most distinctive feature is the two pairs of yellow-rimmed, black-centered spots on the back of its head, resembling extra eyes. The plastron is pale yellow with dark blotches.
Sexual Dimorphism
Males are smaller than females and have a longer, thicker tail. Females tend to have a more domed shell and shorter tail.
Native Origin and Distribution
Geographical Range
This species is found in China (Guangxi, Guangdong, and Hainan), northern Vietnam, and parts of Laos.
Preferred Habitat
It inhabits clear, cool, slow-moving streams and small rivers in forested mountainous areas. It prefers areas with abundant vegetation and rocky substrates.
Behavior
Feeding Habits
The Four-eyed Turtle is omnivorous, consuming a diet of insects, small aquatic invertebrates, fish, amphibians, and plant matter. It has been observed foraging both in water and on land.
Predators
Natural predators include birds, larger reptiles, and mammals. Hatchlings are especially vulnerable to predation.
Reproduction
Breeding Season
Mating typically occurs in spring and summer, with egg-laying following shortly after.
Reproductive Method
Females lay small clutches of 2-5 eggs in sandy or soil-covered areas near water. The eggs hatch after an incubation period of around 60-80 days.
Conservation
Extinction Status
Listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List.
Threats
Habitat destruction, illegal wildlife trade, and overcollection for the pet market and traditional medicine pose significant threats.
Conservation Measures
Conservation programs are in place to protect wild populations, and captive breeding efforts have been established in some regions. Legal protection exists in parts of its range, but enforcement remains a challenge.
Economic Importance
The species is valued in the pet trade due to its unique appearance. It is also used in traditional medicine, particularly in China.
Interesting Facts
The eye-like spots on the back of its head may help deter predators by mimicking extra eyes. It is a highly elusive species, rarely seen in the wild. Unlike many turtles, it prefers cool water and struggles in warmer temperatures.
About Author
Muntaseer Rahman started keeping pet turtles back in 2013. He also owns the largest Turtle & Tortoise Facebook community in Bangladesh. These days he is mostly active on Facebook.
