Graptemys pearlensis (Pearl River Map Turtle)
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The Pearl River Map Turtle (Graptemys pearlensis) is an aquatic turtle species native to the Pearl River system in Mississippi and Louisiana, United States. Known for its intricately patterned shell and significant size difference between males and females, this species plays an essential role in its freshwater ecosystem.
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Scientific Classification
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Chordata
- Class: Reptilia
- Order: Testudines
- Family: Emydidae
- Genus: Graptemys
- Species: Graptemys pearlensis
Common Names
- Pearl River Map Turtle
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Identification
Description
The Pearl River Map Turtle has an olive to brown carapace adorned with intricate yellow to orange patterns resembling a map. The shell features prominent dorsal keels, giving it a rugged appearance. Its skin is dark with yellow stripes, and the plastron (underside of the shell) is usually a lighter yellowish color.
Sexual Dimorphism
Females are significantly larger than males, often reaching twice their size. Males possess longer tails and elongated claws on their front limbs, which are used during courtship displays.
Check more turtles from the Graptemys genus
Native Origin and Distribution
Geographical Range
This species is endemic to the Pearl River system, flowing through Mississippi and Louisiana in the United States.
Preferred Habitat
Pearl River Map Turtles prefer large rivers with moderate to strong currents. They are commonly found in areas abundant with basking sites like logs and snags and favor habitats with sandy or muddy river bottoms.
Behavior
Feeding Habits
These turtles are omnivorous. Males and juveniles primarily feed on insects and small aquatic invertebrates. Females, equipped with stronger jaws, consume a higher proportion of mollusks and crustaceans.
Predators
Predators include larger fish, birds of prey, raccoons, and occasionally humans. Eggs and hatchlings are particularly vulnerable to predation.
Reproduction
Breeding Season
Mating typically occurs in the spring, with nesting taking place from late spring to early summer.
Reproductive Method
Females lay clutches of 5-10 eggs in sandy or soft soil near the water’s edge. The incubation period lasts about 60-75 days, and the temperature can influence the sex of the hatchlings.
Conservation
Extinction Status
The Pearl River Map Turtle is classified as Endangered due to its limited range and ongoing habitat threats.
Threats
Major threats include habitat destruction from damming, pollution, and river channelization. Illegal collection for the pet trade also poses significant risks to the population.
Conservation Measures
Conservation efforts focus on habitat protection, population monitoring, and regulating collection practices. Legal protections in certain areas aim to preserve this species and its environment.
Economic Importance
While not of substantial economic significance, the Pearl River Map Turtle is sometimes collected for the pet trade, which can negatively impact local populations.
Interesting Facts
- The species was formally described only in 2010, having been distinguished from closely related turtles.
- Female Pearl River Map Turtles have developed strong jaws specifically adapted to crush the shells of mollusks, their primary food source.
About Author
Muntaseer Rahman started keeping pet turtles back in 2013. He also owns the largest Turtle & Tortoise Facebook community in Bangladesh. These days he is mostly active on Facebook.
