Rhinoclemmys melanosterna (Colombian wood turtle)

Rhinoclemmys melanosterna, commonly known as the Colombian wood turtle, is a semi-aquatic species found in the lowland rainforests and wetlands of South America. It is known for its distinctive dark markings and adaptability to both terrestrial and aquatic environments.

Scientific Classification

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Testudines
Family: Geoemydidae
Genus: Rhinoclemmys
Species: Rhinoclemmys melanosterna

Common Names

Colombian Wood Turtle
Black-breasted Wood Turtle

Identification

Description

The Colombian wood turtle has an elongated carapace with dark brown to black markings, often featuring a slightly raised keel along the midline. The plastron is typically dark-colored, giving it the “black-breasted” name. The limbs are sturdy, with some webbing between the toes, suited for both swimming and walking on land.

Sexual Dimorphism

Males tend to have a longer and thicker tail, while females have a broader, more rounded carapace. Males may also exhibit a concave plastron, aiding in mating.

Native Origin and Distribution

Geographical Range

This species is primarily found in Colombia, Ecuador, and parts of Panama. It inhabits lowland tropical regions with access to both freshwater bodies and forested areas.

Preferred Habitat

Colombian wood turtles prefer humid rainforests, swamps, and slow-moving freshwater streams. They are often found near bodies of water but can also venture onto land for foraging and basking.

Behavior

Feeding Habits

Omnivorous in nature, they consume a varied diet that includes fruits, leaves, insects, and small aquatic organisms. They forage both in water and on land.

Predators

Natural predators include birds of prey, large fish, and mammals such as raccoons. Hatchlings and juveniles are more vulnerable to predation than adults.

Reproduction

Breeding Season

Breeding typically occurs during the wet season when environmental conditions are favorable for egg incubation.

Reproductive Method

Females lay small clutches of eggs in shallow nests, usually in sandy or soft soil near water sources. Incubation lasts several months, with hatchlings emerging fully independent.

Conservation

Extinction Status

Least Concern.

Threats

Deforestation, pollution, and illegal pet trade impact their populations. Encroachment on wetland habitats due to agriculture and development also reduces their natural range.

Conservation Measures

Some protected areas in Colombia and Ecuador provide refuge for this species. Conservation efforts focus on habitat preservation and reducing poaching for the pet trade.

Economic Importance

This species is occasionally kept as a pet, but its role in maintaining healthy ecosystems through seed dispersal and insect population control is more significant.

Interesting Facts

Colombian wood turtles can tolerate brackish water for short periods, unlike many other freshwater species. They are highly adaptable, often seen foraging in both forested and open areas. Some individuals exhibit a strong homing instinct, returning to familiar territories after being displaced.