Rhinemys rufipes (Red side-necked turtle)

Rhinemys rufipes, commonly known as the Red Side-Necked Turtle, is a freshwater species native to South America. This turtle is recognized for its distinctive reddish markings on the sides of its head and neck, making it stand out among other side-necked turtles. It belongs to the Chelidae family and is primarily found in slow-moving rivers and flooded forests.

Scientific Classification

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Testudines
Family: Chelidae
Genus: Rhinemys
Species: R. rufipes

Common Names

Red Side-Necked Turtle

Identification

Description

Rhinemys rufipes has an oval, slightly domed carapace that ranges in color from dark brown to black. Its plastron is usually lighter, often yellowish with dark blotches. The most distinguishing feature is its reddish or orange markings along the sides of its head and neck, which fade slightly with age. Like other side-necked turtles, it cannot retract its head straight into its shell but tucks it sideways under the carapace.

Sexual Dimorphism

Males are typically smaller than females and have longer, thicker tails. Females tend to have a broader shell and a more robust build, which helps accommodate egg-laying.

Native Origin and Distribution

Geographical Range

This species is found in parts of northern South America, particularly in the Amazon and Orinoco river basins. Countries where it has been recorded include Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela.

Preferred Habitat

Rhinemys rufipes prefers slow-moving freshwater bodies such as rivers, swamps, and flooded forests. It thrives in areas with soft, muddy bottoms and ample vegetation, which provide food and shelter.

Behavior

Feeding Habits

It is an omnivore, feeding on a mix of aquatic plants, small invertebrates, and carrion. Its diet may shift depending on availability, with juveniles consuming more protein-rich foods while adults incorporate more plant matter.

Predators

Natural predators include larger fish, birds of prey, and carnivorous mammals. Hatchlings are particularly vulnerable to predation.

Reproduction

Breeding Season

Breeding generally occurs during the rainy season when water levels are higher, increasing nesting sites’ availability.

Reproductive Method

Females lay small clutches of eggs in sandy or muddy banks near water. The incubation period varies depending on temperature, but eggs generally hatch within a few months. Hatchlings emerge and head toward the water immediately.

Conservation

Extinction Status

Near Threatened.

Threats

Deforestation, water pollution, and human activities such as dam construction and agriculture threaten its habitat. Overcollection for the pet trade may also impact wild populations.

Conservation Measures

Preserving wetland habitats and enforcing wildlife trade regulations can help protect this species. Research is needed to determine population trends and develop effective conservation strategies.

Economic Importance

This turtle has some presence in the pet trade, although not as commonly as other side-necked turtles. It also plays an ecological role in controlling aquatic invertebrate populations.

Interesting Facts

• Unlike many side-necked turtles, Rhinemys rufipes has particularly vibrant coloration on its neck.
• It is rarely seen basking, as it prefers to remain submerged for most of the day.
• The species is one of the lesser-studied members of the Chelidae family, with much of its natural history still unknown.