Pelomedusa somalica (Somali Helmeted Turtle)
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Pelomedusa somalica, also known as the Somali Helmeted Turtle, is a freshwater species found in the Horn of Africa. It was once grouped under Pelomedusa subrufa but is now recognized as a separate species based on genetic studies.
Native To These Regions
Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania, UgandaNative Turtle Species Map – Find Turtles by Region
Scientific Classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Testudines
Family: Pelomedusidae
Genus: Pelomedusa
Species: Pelomedusa somalica
Common Names
Somali Helmeted Turtle
Somali Mud Turtle
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Identification
Description
Pelomedusa somalica has a domed, oval shell with olive to brown coloring and a lighter underside. It has a large, flattened head with a hooked upper jaw and no hinged plastron.
Its neck is long and retracts sideways, a trait common in side-necked turtles.
Sexual Dimorphism
Females are usually larger than males. Males have longer, thicker tails and slightly concave plastrons.
Check more turtles from the Pelomedusa genus
Native Origin and Distribution
Geographical Range
This species is native to Somalia and some surrounding areas in the Horn of Africa. Its distribution is limited and not well-documented due to political and field access issues.
Preferred Habitat
Pelomedusa somalica prefers shallow freshwater bodies like seasonal ponds, rivers, and marshes. It’s adapted to arid environments and can survive dry periods by burrowing into the mud.
Behavior
Feeding Habits
It is an opportunistic feeder, eating insects, worms, small fish, carrion, and even plant matter.
It often hunts by ambush, staying still until prey comes close.
Predators
Young turtles and eggs are eaten by birds, mammals, and large fish. Adults are less vulnerable but may be caught by crocodiles or humans.
Reproduction
Breeding Season
Breeding likely takes place during the rainy season when temporary pools form.
Reproductive Method
Females lay eggs in burrows near water. The number of eggs is small compared to other turtle species. Hatchlings emerge during the next rainy season.
Conservation
Extinction Status
Currently not evaluated separately by the IUCN, but believed to be of Least Concern due to its wide genus range and adaptability.
Threats
Habitat destruction from agriculture and drought, along with pollution, are the main threats.
Conservation Measures
There are no specific conservation programs for this species. General freshwater habitat protection helps indirectly.
Economic Importance
It has little direct economic value. In some local areas, it may be caught for food or used in traditional practices.
Interesting Facts
Pelomedusa somalica can go dormant during dry seasons by burying itself and slowing its metabolism.
It is part of the ancient side-necked turtle group, which evolved separately from most modern turtles.
Its ability to live in temporary water bodies makes it one of the most adaptable freshwater turtles in Africa.
About Author
Muntaseer Rahman started keeping pet turtles back in 2013. He also owns the largest Turtle & Tortoise Facebook community in Bangladesh. These days he is mostly active on Facebook.
