Macrochelys suwanniensis (Suwannee Alligator Snapping Turtle)
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The Suwannee Alligator Snapping Turtle (Macrochelys suwanniensis) is a large freshwater turtle native to the Suwannee River system. Known for its prehistoric appearance and powerful jaws, this species is distinct from its close relative, the Alligator Snapping Turtle (Macrochelys temminckii).
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Scientific Classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Testudines
Family: Chelydridae
Genus: Macrochelys
Species: Macrochelys suwanniensis
Common Names
Suwannee Alligator Snapping Turtle
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Identification
Description
This species has a rough, ridged carapace with three prominent keels running along its back. It has a large, triangular head, hooked beak, and a worm-like appendage on its tongue used to lure prey. Adults can weigh up to 100 pounds, though larger individuals have been recorded.
Sexual Dimorphism
Males are generally larger and have thicker tails compared to females. Females often have a more domed carapace.
Native Origin and Distribution
Geographical Range
The species is found exclusively in the Suwannee River and its tributaries in Florida and Georgia, making it an endemic species of this river system.
Preferred Habitat
Suwannee Alligator Snapping Turtles prefer slow-moving rivers, deep water channels, and areas with abundant submerged logs and vegetation. They thrive in clean, well-oxygenated water.
Behavior
Feeding Habits
This species is an ambush predator, using its tongue’s worm-like appendage to attract fish. It also feeds on crustaceans, mollusks, amphibians, and occasional carrion.
Predators
Hatchlings and juveniles are vulnerable to raccoons, otters, and large fish. Adults have few natural predators but may fall prey to alligators.
Reproduction
Breeding Season
The breeding season occurs in the spring, typically from April to June.
Reproductive Method
Females lay 10-50 eggs in sandy or muddy nests near the riverbank. Incubation lasts about 100-120 days, and the temperature of the nest determines the hatchlings’ sex.
Conservation
Extinction Status
Macrochelys suwanniensis is listed as threatened, primarily due to habitat loss and overharvesting.
Threats
Pollution, river dredging, and the pet trade pose significant threats. Nest predation by mammals also impacts population numbers.
Conservation Measures
Protective legislation, habitat restoration, and public awareness campaigns are in place to safeguard the species. Research on population trends and captive breeding programs are ongoing.
Economic Importance
This species has been historically hunted for its meat, which was used in soups and stews. It also has some demand in the pet trade, though this practice is now heavily regulated.
Interesting Facts
- It was only recognized as a distinct species in 2014.
- The worm-like appendage on its tongue is a unique adaptation among turtles.
- It rarely moves far from its home river, making it highly dependent on the Suwannee River’s health.
- Adults can remain submerged for over 40 minutes before surfacing for air.
About Author
Muntaseer Rahman started keeping pet turtles back in 2013. He also owns the largest Turtle & Tortoise Facebook community in Bangladesh. These days he is mostly active on Facebook.
