Graptemys flavimaculata (Yellow-blotched Map Turtle)

Graptemys flavimaculata, commonly known as the Yellow-blotched Map Turtle, is a freshwater turtle species endemic to Mississippi, USA. Noted for its striking yellow markings and intricate shell patterns resembling a map, this turtle is a unique and visually captivating member of the Emydidae family.

Scientific Classification

• Kingdom: Animalia
• Phylum: Chordata
• Class: Reptilia
• Order: Testudines
• Family: Emydidae
• Genus: Graptemys
• Species: Graptemys flavimaculata

Common Names

• Yellow-blotched Map Turtle
• Yellow-blotched Sawback Turtle

Identification

Description

The Yellow-blotched Map Turtle features an olive to dark brown carapace adorned with distinct yellow or orange blotches and intricate lines that mimic a geographical map. The shell is serrated at the rear edge with a prominent keel running down the center. Its skin is dark with yellow stripes along the neck, limbs, and head, and it has a small head relative to its body size.

Sexual Dimorphism

Females are notably larger than males, with adult females reaching up to 7.5 inches (19 cm) in carapace length, while males typically grow up to 5 inches (13 cm). Males have longer, thicker tails and more pronounced dorsal keels. Females possess broader heads and stronger jaws, adapted for crushing mollusk shells.

Native Origin and Distribution

Geographical Range

The species is native exclusively to the Pascagoula River system in southeastern Mississippi, USA. It inhabits the main river and its larger tributaries, making it one of the most geographically restricted turtle species in the United States.

Preferred Habitat

Yellow-blotched Map Turtles prefer medium to large rivers with moderate to strong currents. They thrive in habitats featuring abundant basking sites like fallen logs and branches. The riverbeds they inhabit are typically sandy or silty with ample aquatic vegetation, which supports their dietary needs and provides shelter.

Behavior

Feeding Habits

Primarily carnivorous, their diet consists of insects, mollusks, and crustaceans. Females tend to consume more mollusks due to their stronger jaws, while males focus on softer prey like insects. Occasionally, they may ingest plant material.

Predators

Predators include raccoons, skunks, birds of prey, and large fish. Eggs and hatchlings are particularly vulnerable to predation by mammals and other reptiles.

Reproduction

Breeding Season

Mating occurs in the spring, with nesting typically taking place from May to July.

Reproductive Method

Females lay clutches of 5-7 eggs in sandy or soft soil near the water’s edge. The eggs incubate for about 75-85 days. Hatchlings emerge in late summer or early fall and make their way to the water shortly after hatching.

Conservation

Extinction Status

The Yellow-blotched Map Turtle is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.

Threats

• Habitat Destruction: Alterations to the river system, such as dam construction and pollution, degrade their natural habitat.
• Illegal Collection: Capture for the pet trade reduces wild populations.
• Human Disturbance: Recreational activities can disrupt basking and nesting behaviors.

Conservation Measures

• Legal Protection: The species is protected under state and federal laws prohibiting capture and trade.
• Habitat Preservation: Efforts are underway to preserve and restore natural river habitats.
• Public Education: Raising awareness about the species to reduce human impact.

Economic Importance

While not economically significant on a large scale, the Yellow-blotched Map Turtle contributes to local biodiversity and can be an attraction for ecotourism. It holds value for educational and scientific research purposes, helping to understand freshwater ecosystems and conservation needs.

Interesting Facts

• Each Yellow-blotched Map Turtle has unique shell patterns, much like human fingerprints.
• They are highly wary creatures, quickly diving into the water at the slightest disturbance.
• The species’ restricted range makes it particularly susceptible to environmental changes and human activities.
• They are among the few turtle species with such pronounced sexual dimorphism favoring larger females.