Emydura gunaleni (Australasian short-necked turtle)

Emydura gunaleni is a recently described species of freshwater turtle native to Indonesia. It belongs to the Emydura genus, a group of turtles known for their adaptability to diverse aquatic environments. This species stands out for its vibrant markings and distinct geographical isolation.

Scientific Classification

• Kingdom: Animalia
• Phylum: Chordata
• Class: Reptilia
• Order: Testudines
• Family: Chelidae
• Genus: Emydura
• Species: Emydura gunaleni

Common Names

• Australasian short-necked turtle

Identification

Description:
Emydura gunaleni has an olive-green to brown carapace with yellow and orange markings on its plastron. Its skin is generally grayish, with distinctive yellow stripes along the head and neck. Adult turtles typically measure around 20–30 cm in shell length.

Sexual Dimorphism:
Males tend to be smaller than females and have longer, thicker tails. Females often have wider, rounder shells.

Native Origin and Distribution

Geographical Range:
This species is endemic to the region of Papua, Indonesia, where it inhabits freshwater rivers and lakes. It has a limited distribution and is primarily found in remote areas.

Preferred Habitat

Emydura gunaleni prefers slow-moving rivers, lakes, and wetlands with abundant vegetation. It thrives in warm, tropical environments and is often found basking on logs or rocks near the water’s edge.

Behavior

Feeding Habits:
It is an omnivorous species, feeding on aquatic plants, small fish, insects, and crustaceans. Emydura gunaleni is most active during the day, foraging for food in shallow waters.

Predators:
Its natural predators include larger fish, birds of prey, and occasionally, crocodiles. Human activity also poses a threat through habitat destruction and pollution.

Reproduction

Breeding Season:
The breeding season occurs during the rainy months, typically between October and February, when the conditions are optimal for laying eggs.

Reproductive Method:
Females lay clutches of 10–15 eggs in sandy riverbanks. The incubation period lasts about 60–90 days, and the sex of the hatchlings is temperature-dependent.

Conservation

Extinction Status:
Emydura gunaleni is not yet assessed by the IUCN, but it is considered vulnerable due to its restricted habitat and increasing environmental pressures.

Threats:
Habitat loss due to deforestation, water pollution, and illegal pet trade are significant threats to its population.

Conservation Measures:
Efforts to protect its habitat through conservation reserves and raising awareness about sustainable land use are critical for preserving this species.

Economic Importance

Emydura gunaleni has a minor role in the pet trade, where it is prized for its colorful appearance. However, overharvesting for commercial purposes threatens its population.

Interesting Facts

• Emydura gunaleni is one of the few species in its genus that exhibits unique bright orange markings on its shell.
• It is named after the researcher who first identified it, reflecting the recent scientific discovery of this species.
• Like other members of its genus, it can retract its head sideways under the shell, a typical feature of side-necked turtles.