Acanthochelys spixii (Spix’s Sideneck Turtle)

Acanthochelys spixii, commonly known as the spiny swamp turtle, is a freshwater species found primarily in the slow-moving rivers and marshy areas of South America.

Notably characterized by its rugged carapace adorned with pointed scutes, this turtle is adapted to a life in densely vegetated waters, aiding in camouflage and protection from predators.

Scientific Classification

• Kingdom: Animalia
• Phylum: Chordata
• Class: Reptilia
• Order: Testudines
• Family: Chelidae
• Genus: Acanthochelys
• Species: A. spixii

Common Names

• Spix’s Sideneck Turtle
• Black-spotted Swamp Turtle

Identification

• Description: Acanthochelys spixii has a relatively small, dark carapace that can measure up to 18 cm in length. It features a unique pattern of black spots and lines on a brown or olive background. The plastron is generally lighter and may have dark blotches.
• Sexual Dimorphism: Females are typically larger than males, and males have longer, thicker tails.

Native Origin and Distribution

• Geographical Range: This species is native to South America, particularly found in Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Argentina.

Preferred Habitat

Acanthochelys spixii prefers shallow, slow-moving or still freshwater habitats, including marshes, swamps, and the floodplains of rivers.

Behavior

• Feeding Habits: It is omnivorous, consuming a diet of aquatic vegetation, fruits, insects, and small invertebrates.
• Predators: Main predators include larger fish, birds, and mammals.

Reproduction

• Breeding Season: Breeding typically occurs during the rainy season.
• Reproductive Method: This turtle is oviparous, laying clutches of about 4 to 10 eggs. The eggs are buried in nests along riverbanks.

Conservation

• Extinction Status: Listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN Red List.
• Threats: Major threats include habitat destruction due to agriculture and urban development, pollution, and the illegal pet trade.
• Conservation Measures: Efforts include habitat protection, legal protection against trade, and potentially, breeding programs.

Economic Importance

Acanthochelys spixii has limited economic importance. Locally, it may be collected for the pet trade, though this is now regulated.

Interesting Facts

• This species can close its shell very tightly thanks to a well-fitted plastron and carapace, which helps it avoid predation.
• Unlike many turtles, Acanthochelys spixii is adapted to very murky waters, thanks to its reliance on smell and touch over sight.

Research Studies

Recent studies focus on the ecological role of Acanthochelys spixii, its adaptive mechanisms to changing habitats, and effective conservation strategies to combat the effects of human encroachment and climate change.

• Demography of Acanthochelys spixii (Testudines, Chelidae) in the Brazilian Cerrado