Is Your Tortoise Ready for Winter? Essential Checklist

When winter rolls around, we humans just pull out our warm clothes and turn up the heat. But for tortoises, winter is a whole different experience.

If you’re like me, watching your little shelled buddy shuffle around in summer makes winter preparation a bit daunting.

I remember my first winter with Sheldon, my Greek tortoise – I had no idea where to start! But with time, I built up a checklist that helped make winter easier on both of us.

Here’s a comprehensive guide to getting your tortoise ready for the colder months.

1. Determine if Your Tortoise Needs to Hibernate

Not all tortoises hibernate. In fact, whether they do or not depends on the species.

• Mediterranean tortoises, like Hermann’s and Greek tortoises, typically hibernate.
• Desert tortoises also hibernate but need specific conditions to do so.
• Tropical tortoises, like Red-Footed and Leopard tortoises, don’t usually hibernate. They just need a warm, cozy space indoors.

When I first learned about this, I was surprised. I’d assumed all tortoises hibernate, but tropical tortoises like to stay warm and active all year.

2. Preparing for Hibernation

If your tortoise’s species naturally hibernates, it’s essential to get things just right. Safe hibernation is all about preparation.

• Gradual cooling: Tortoises should be eased into hibernation, which means lowering their temperatures slowly over several weeks.
• Diet changes: About two weeks before hibernation, reduce their food intake to allow them to empty their digestive systems. This reduces the risk of food rotting in their gut, which can be dangerous.
• Hydration: Before hibernation, ensure your tortoise is well-hydrated. Offer warm soaks a few times a week.

When I started preparing Sheldon for hibernation, I learned that rushing the cooling process could stress him out. So I set a calendar reminder each week to lower his temperature just a little.

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3. Set Up a Safe Hibernation Spot

Choosing the right hibernation spot can make all the difference for a healthy winter.

• A cool, stable environment: Ideally, hibernation temps should be between 38-50°F (3-10°C). Avoid areas that freeze.
• Good ventilation: Your tortoise will need airflow, but you don’t want it too drafty.
• Choose a hibernation box: A tortoise hibernation box should be sturdy, insulated, and escape-proof. Look for materials that allow some airflow.

Some tortoise owners use an old fridge for hibernation, but I preferred the natural feel of a wooden enclosure that was easy to monitor.

4. For Non-Hibernating Tortoises, Create a Warm Winter Habitat

If your tortoise won’t hibernate, you’ll need to make sure their indoor space is winter-ready. Here’s what you need:

• Adequate heating: They’ll need heat lamps or ceramic heaters to keep temperatures around 75-85°F during the day.
• UVB lighting: Just because they’re indoors doesn’t mean they don’t need UVB rays. UVB helps them absorb calcium, which keeps their shell and bones strong.
• A cozy indoor home: Opt for a spacious indoor habitat. A wooden tortoise house, like the Aivituvin large tortoise habitat, offers plenty of room with sections for hiding, basking, and staying warm.

Sheldon loves his indoor habitat; even in winter, he can wander around and bask. The wooden enclosure I use keeps his space warm and comfortable without feeling too cramped.

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5. Maintain Regular Soaks for Hydration

Even in winter, tortoises can become dehydrated. Indoor heating and drier air can cause them to lose moisture more quickly.

• Weekly soaks: Give your tortoise a warm bath once or twice a week. This helps keep them hydrated and encourages them to empty their bladder, which is essential before hibernation.
• Humidity levels: Keep humidity levels balanced, especially if your tortoise is tropical. You may need to mist their habitat daily.

I’ve found that Sheldon is calmer and more active after his warm soaks. Plus, it’s a sweet bonding moment, even if he does try to escape halfway through!

6. Monitor Their Weight and Health

Health checks are especially important before and during hibernation.

• Weigh regularly: A drop in weight could indicate health problems, especially if it’s drastic. Weigh your tortoise before hibernation and every few weeks if possible.
• Check for illnesses: Respiratory infections, eye issues, or lethargy are warning signs. Visit a vet if you notice anything unusual.

I keep a small notebook with Sheldon’s weight and any observations throughout winter. It’s become a habit now, and it’s really helpful to spot any changes early.

7. Feeding Adjustments: What’s On the Menu?

In winter, both hibernating and non-hibernating tortoises may need dietary changes.

• For hibernating tortoises: Slowly reduce their food a few weeks before hibernation. After hibernation, reintroduce food gradually to avoid shocking their digestive system.
• For non-hibernating tortoises: Continue their diet, but you may want to add some extra leafy greens or high-fiber foods to support their energy levels in cooler weather.

Sheldon loves his greens, and I make sure he has a few extra during winter. He seems to appreciate the variety and stays more active.

8. Keep Their Space Clean

Winter months mean more time indoors, and this can mean a messier habitat.

• Regular cleaning: Spot clean daily, removing any droppings or leftover food. A full clean is also needed every few weeks.
• Substrate: Use a substrate that retains moisture but doesn’t get moldy. Aspen or coconut fiber works well.
• Ventilation: Even with winter closures, fresh air is essential, so keep an eye on any humidity build-up or odors.

Cleaning Sheldon’s habitat regularly is a must. When his space is fresh, he’s always more eager to explore, and it keeps him healthier overall.

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Wrapping It Up

Getting your tortoise ready for winter doesn’t have to be complicated. With a few simple steps, you can make sure they stay healthy, cozy, and happy through the colder months.

Every tortoise is different, so adjust based on their needs. And remember—there’s nothing more rewarding than knowing they’re safe and comfortable in their winter habitat.