Terrapene carolina mexicana (Mexican Box Turtle)

Terrapene mexicana, commonly known as the Mexican Box Turtle, is a terrestrial species native to Mexico. It is recognized for its high-domed shell, hinged plastron, and ability to retract completely for protection. This species thrives in humid forests and grasslands, displaying a mix of brown and yellow patterns on its carapace.

Scientific Classification

• Kingdom: Animalia
• Phylum: Chordata
• Class: Reptilia
• Order: Testudines
• Family: Emydidae
• Genus: Terrapene
• Species: Terrapene carolina
• Sub-Species: Terrapene carolina mexicana

Common Names

Mexican Box Turtle

Identification

Description

The Mexican Box Turtle has a rounded, high-domed carapace with yellowish or orange markings on a brown or black background. Its plastron is hinged, allowing it to close tightly for protection. The skin is usually dark with yellow or orange speckles, and the limbs are sturdy, adapted for a terrestrial lifestyle.

Sexual Dimorphism

Males typically have brighter coloration, a slightly concave plastron, and longer, thicker tails. Their eyes are often red, while females usually have brown or yellow eyes and a flatter plastron.

Native Origin and Distribution

Geographical Range

Terrapene mexicana is found in eastern and southeastern Mexico, primarily in the states of Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Tamaulipas.

Preferred Habitat

This species prefers warm, humid environments, including tropical forests, grasslands, and areas with dense vegetation. It often stays near water sources such as streams and ponds, though it is primarily a land-dweller.

Behavior

Feeding Habits

The Mexican Box Turtle is an omnivore, feeding on a mix of fruits, fungi, insects, snails, and small vertebrates. It actively forages during the morning and late afternoon, avoiding extreme heat.

Predators

Juveniles and eggs are vulnerable to birds, mammals, and snakes. Adults rely on their hinged shell for protection, but large predators such as raccoons and coyotes can still pose a threat.

Reproduction

Breeding Season

Mating occurs primarily in spring and early summer, with females laying eggs in shallow nests during the warmer months.

Reproductive Method

Females lay clutches of 2–5 eggs, which incubate for around 70–90 days. Hatchlings are fully independent at birth but remain hidden in leaf litter for protection.

Conservation

Extinction Status

The species is classified as Near Threatened due to habitat loss and illegal collection.

Threats

Deforestation, urban expansion, and the pet trade pose significant risks. Road mortality is another major concern, as these turtles often attempt to cross roads in their habitat.

Conservation Measures

Protected areas and stricter regulations on collection and trade help safeguard the species. Some conservation programs focus on habitat preservation and captive breeding.

Economic Importance

Terrapene mexicana plays a role in the pet trade, though illegal collection has harmed wild populations. It also contributes to ecological balance by controlling insect populations and aiding seed dispersal.

Interesting Facts

Mexican Box Turtles can completely enclose themselves in their shells, making them one of the few turtle species with this defense mechanism. They have a strong homing instinct and can navigate back to their home range if relocated. Some individuals have been recorded living over 50 years in captivity.